Exploring the Timeless Allure: Nhan Tower, Phu Yen

Tháp Nhạn stands as an ancient Champa architectural marvel, a prominent cultural icon beautifully nestled within a landscape of golden flowers and lush green fields.
The Ancient and Mysterious Cham Architectural Masterpiece atop Nhan Mountain
Phu Yen is known as the 'land of yellow flowers and green grass,' a region boasting many famous and captivating destinations for travel enthusiasts. Nhan Tower stands out as one of the most frequently mentioned sites, celebrated for its architecture, art, and the local people's beliefs.
Nhan Tower stands majestically atop Nhan Mountain in Ward 1, Tuy Hoa City, Phu Yen. It's located approximately 3.5 km from the city center of Tuy Hoa, Phu Yen province, at an elevation of 64 meters above sea level. The Ede and Gia Rai people refer to it as Kơ H’meng Tower, the Kinh people call it Cham Tower, while the Cham people know it as Kalan Temple. Constructed in the late 11th and early 12th centuries, Nhan Tower is a quintessential architectural work of the ancient Cham people.
Regarding the name Nhan Tower (Swallow Tower), local elders recount that this mountain was once home to a species of swallows (chim Nhạn). These small birds fly high, sometimes soaring over 60 meters. This is why the locals named the tower Nhan Tower. Another interpretation suggests that from a distance, the mountain's terrain resembles a swallow spreading its wings in flight, leading the local people to give the tower this name.

Nhan Tower was constructed in the late 11th and early 12th centuries, serving as a quintessential architectural work of the ancient Cham people.
The origin of this tower is steeped in numerous local legends. One popular tale recounts that in ancient times, the celestial goddess Thien Yana descended to earth and taught the Cham people how to cultivate crops, weave fabric, and spin thread. After the goddess returned to the heavens, the Cham people erected a temple tower to express their profound gratitude to her.
Architecturally, Nhan Tower is not a complex but a singular, independent square structure comprising three distinct parts: the base, the body, and the roof. Both the base and the body of the tower are square, symbolizing the earth. The total height of all three sections is approximately 24 meters. The base is designed to be larger than the body, standing about 3.3 meters tall. At the very top of the tower rests a stone Linga statue – a significant spiritual symbol for the Cham-pa people.
From a distance, Nhan Tower resembles four lotus buds, with the second and third tiers also featuring four lotus buds, becoming progressively smaller and more pointed towards the top. Every Cham temple tower incorporates Linga and Yoni, symbolizing fertility beliefs and a wish for all things to flourish and multiply. A common characteristic of ancient Cham-pa temple structures is their narrow interior space, typically featuring only a single entrance facing east (the direction of the rising sun), and Nhan Tower is no exception. Inside Nhan Tower, there is only one entrance, with an altar dedicated to the celestial goddess Thien Yana, adorned with offerings visible from the doorway.

Inside Nhan Tower, there is only one entrance, with an altar dedicated to the celestial goddess Thien Yana, adorned with offerings visible from the doorway.
Ms. Tien Tien, a tourist, shared that she visited Nhan Tower not only to admire its mysterious beauty but also out of curiosity about the materials the ancient Cham people used to build it. She recounted, “According to our guide, the tower was constructed entirely from fired bricks, meticulously stacked together to create an incredibly sturdy structure. These bricks are about 1.3 times lighter than ordinary bricks, and their compressive strength and impact resistance are also significantly superior to regular bricks.”
In ancient times, the Cham people exclusively used natural materials for construction. It is known that the binding agent, derived from the 'dau rai' tree (Dipterocarpus alatus), was used by locals to firmly bond these bricks together, leaving no visible mortar lines. The exceptional adhesion of the bricks was not solely due to this special adhesive mixture but also attributed to the skillful hands of the builders. They employed a 'mài chập' (grinding and fitting) technique, meaning that after applying the adhesive, they would grind the bricks against each other until the contact surfaces were perfectly flush, leaving absolutely no gaps.

The tower was constructed entirely from fired bricks, meticulously stacked together to create an incredibly sturdy structure.
“The architecture here is truly unique,” remarked Mr. Hong Quan, a tourist from Hanoi. “Stepping inside the tower, I was surprised to find no statues or grand altars, only a small shrine for incense offerings dedicated to Thuong Dinh Chua Thiet A Na Dien Ngoc Phi, which dates back to the Later Le Dynasty. Around the walls, intricate dragon patterns are delicately carved into granite stones placed at the four corners of the tower. Looking up from inside, the tower's peak reveals a deep, soaring, and utterly mysterious space.”
Mr. Cong Luan from Nghe An expressed, “Standing atop Nhan Mountain, gazing into the distance, I could admire the panoramic view of Tuy Hoa city. The beauty here is truly ancient and peaceful, making it a place everyone should visit at least once in their lifetime.”
If visitors wish to experience this place, consider coming during the full moon of the first lunar month. At that time, the Nguyen Tieu Poetry Night takes place here, attracting numerous renowned artists from near and far for artistic exchange. Nhan Tower is intertwined with many legends and holds countless mysteries, always ready to welcome visitors to explore during their trip to Phu Yen.
Dak Lak 6492 view
Update day : 19/12/2023
Source : Công luận .VN Affiliate links
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